AI supremacy: how will the new US GPU export controls work?

In the final days of the Biden administration, the US Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), a Department of Commerce agency, announced a new export framework designed to control access to advanced chips and software critical for training leading-edge AI models. The rule revises previously established chip export regulations, adding new limitations and compliance requirements.

The rule, entitled Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion, creates mechanisms to track and limit the concentration of high-performance compute outside the US — concentrations that could be used to train the largest AI models. A key objective of these measures is to prevent any non-US entities and state actors (including close partners) from amassing sufficient compute capability to challenge the US technical leadership in AI development.